1. Every vs. All(每个、所有)
- 意义上的差异:
虽然两者在意思上并没有明显的差异,皆有"全部"的意思,但 "every" 强调群体中的单一个体,在中文通常译为" 每个","all" 则强调整个群体,常译为"所有",如下例句:
All students are required to complete the survey.(所有学生被要求完成此问卷调查。)
Every student is required to complete the survey.(每位学生都被要求完成此问卷调查。)
- 单复数的差异:
"Every" 搭配单数名词与动词,"all" 则搭配复数名词与动词。
All train services call at Station A.(所有火车路线都会在A站停靠。)
All events were cancelled due to the weather.(所有的活动都因为天气原因被取消了。 )
Every person is important.(每一个人都很重要。)
Every item was sold out.(每项产品都已经售罄。)
- 用法上的差异:
"All" 可单独作为代名词、直接搭配冠词或所有格代名词等,而 "every" 则必须作为形容词修饰名词。
单独作为代名词使用:
The company put out several statements on its website, but all were withdrawn a few days after.(这间公司在自己的网站上发布了几条声明,但几天后又全部撤掉了。)
The university launched several new courses, and all are open to the public.(这间大学开设了几堂新课,并开放给民众参与。)
若以 "every" 改写以上两句,则如以下形式:
The company put out several statements on its website, but every one of them was withdrawn a few days after.
The university launched several new courses, and every one of them is open to the public.
直接搭配冠词:
All the employees were on leave that day.(那天所有员工都放假。)
All the nurses have completed the required training.(所有的护士都已经完成要求的训练。)
若以 "every" 改写,则可改写为:
Every employee was on leave that day.
Every nurse has completed the required training.
直接搭配所有格:
All my colleagues attended the meeting.(我所有的同事都有参加会议。)
若以 "every" 改写,则可改写为:
Every one of my colleagues attended the meeting.
或是
Every colleague of mine attended the meeting.
2. Everyday vs. Every day(每天)
因为两者皆译为"每天",因此 "everyday" 和 "every day" 常在中翻英的文章中被错当成替换词使用。两者的差异在于 "everyday" 为形容词,而 "every day" 为副词词组,用来修饰动词。以下提供几个 "everyday" 和 "every day" 的范例:
This is an everyday routine for her.(这是她每天的例行公事。)
She goes through the routine every day.(她每天都会完成这些例行公事。)
These are everyday tasks for the employees.(这些是员工每天的工作任务。)
The employees complete these tasks every day.(员工每天都会完成这些工作任务。)
另外,"everyday" 也能用来指"日常的"。
These are everyday essentials for most households.(对大多数家庭来说,这些是日常必需品。)
This is an everyday look for work.(这是适合工作的日常妆容。)